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  • 70%

    Of all plantings are Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier

  • £503m

    The value of wine exported from the UK in 2023

  • 1952

    The year England’s first commercial vineyard opened

English Wine Producers

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Higham Vineyard

Suffolk

The Stour River meanders through quiet quintessentially English countryside forming the border between Suffolk and Essex before it eventually meets the North Sea. Along the north side of this valley lies Higham Vineyard, an exciting new venture. This typically English vineyard sprung into life when David Alston and his family decided to plant an acre or two of vines on the edge of some arable land they had just bought in the Stour Valley. This land had laid fallow for over half a century and the small holding was known locally as `Stoney Croft’ owing to the soil rich in flint and stone…a good omen for the wines to come.

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Thorrington Mill

Essex

The Stour River meanders through quiet quintessentially English countryside forming the border between Suffolk and Essex before it eventually meets the North Sea. Along the north side of this valley lies Higham Vineyard, an exciting new venture. This typically English vineyard sprung into life when David Alston and his family decided to plant an acre or two of vines on the edge of some arable land they had just bought in the Stour Valley. This land had laid fallow for over half a century and the small holding was known locally as `Stoney Croft’ owing to the soil rich in flint and stone…a good omen for the wines to come.

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Biddenden Vineyards

Kent

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Breaky Bottom

East Sussex

Breaky Bottom is a local name – the word Bottom denotes a dry chalk valley - and historical – Breaky Bottom was mentioned in the Domesday book. Peter Hall discovered Breaky Bottom in the early 1970s and saw in its climate and chalk-rich soils – similar to Champagne and the Loire Valley – the potential to produce high quality wines. At this time, there was an increasing trend for clean, fresh, cool-climate wines, and plant nurseries were developing early-ripening grape varieties to produce these styles. As a result, Peter planted Seyval Blanc and small amounts of other hybrid grapes. While he originally produced still wines, he turned increasingly to sparkling wines over time. At the turn of the century, he also took the decision to plant the champagne varieties, particularly Chardonnay, with smaller amounts of Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier. The estate produces traditional method (méthode champenoise) sparkling wines of exceptional quality and character, thanks to its unique terroir, kid-glove vineyard husbandry and careful winemaking with extended ageing on the lees and cork, a crucial part of the process. All wines made are of a single vintage, and each year Peter makes just two cuvées, which are then aged in bottle for at least four years. The style of each cuvée will vary according to the harvest, and just a few hundred cases are made of each. Each year will yield approximately 10,000 bottles in total, though as Peter points out, in some years the entire crop has been lost to floods or pheasants, and of course viticulture in a marginal climate such as the UK is challenging.

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Ambriel

West Sussex

Charles and Wendy Outhwaites’ first careers were unconventional training for winemaking. Nevertheless their attention to detail, curiosity, capacity for hard graft and dogged pursuit of excellence have served them well. Unlike some, both Charles and Wendy are hands on and hands in. As self-confessed control freaks they take charge of every aspect from grape to glass. Wendy grows the grapes, Charles ferments them. Blending – somewhat appropriately – is done together. They sip and slurp their way to stunning Sparkling Wines.

English Wine History

The history of English wine is both long and short. Long in that it was introduced by the Romans around 2000 years ago, and short in that it is only in the past couple of decades that English winemaking has gained serious recognition. The Romans left a legacy in English winemaking history, with techniques they introduced to the country still in existence today. Following Roman withdrawal, invasions and political upheaval brought English winemaking to a halt, although it did flourish in the Middle Ages in monasteries and royal courts. English winemaking suffered again in the 18th and 19th centuries, as the famously unreliable English climate hampered production, and competition from imported wines, particularly from France, meant that English vineyard owners favoured other, more profitable uses for their land. In the 20th century, English wine’s fortunes finally began to show promising signs of improvement. Following the world wars, English wine began to experience a renaissance, with new grape varieties (particularly the Champagne grapes), changing tastes (more accepting of English styles of wine), new technology, new techniques, and methods of disease control all being contributing factors. The popularity of English wine really began to surge in the 1990s, with the first English sparkling wine made from the Champagne varieties going on sale in 1997. English wine began appearing on restaurant wine lists and featuring in (and winning!) competitions. Nowadays, both domestic and international demand continues to grow and shows no sign of slowing down.

Climate

For a long time, England’s cold climate was a significant stumbling block when it came to winemaking. However, in recent years climate change has brought warmer conditions to the country, enabling England to produce quality wine. For example, the slight temperature increase that England has experienced has brought the climate closer to that of Champagne, enabling English vineyards to grow Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier and produce the high-quality sparkling wines that it is now receiving international recognition for. Being located at a latitude several degrees north of the “wine belt” (30° and 50° north of the Equator) comes with both pros and cons. Despite ever-increasing temperatures, the English climate is still a cool one, and the often unpredictable and unreliable weather can play havoc with harvests, impacting grape yields and quality. However long daylight hours in the summer months means grapes ripen slower, concentrating aromas and giving them time and space to develop complexity, and contributing to the unique flavour and aroma profiles of English wines. England now has several notable wine regions, mostly concentrated in the south of the country, with the most well-known being East and West Sussex, Kent, Surrey, and Hampshire.

Terroirs

English wines are renowned for their freshness, acidity and elegance, and their ability to express the unique characteristics of the local region’s soil and climates. Each region’s soil type has a significant impact on the type of wine it produces. For example, the free-draining chalk and limestone soils of Kent and Sussex (as in the vineyards of Champagne), help to concentrate sugars and acids, giving these region’s sparkling wines their piercing acidity. Meanwhile, the clay soils in Essex are conducive to still wines, and the sand and gravel soils of Hampshire, combined with warm, sheltered valleys, produce riper, fruit-forward wines.

Grape Varieties in England

In England there is a focus on grape varieties that can flourish in the cool and unpredictable English climate. Plantings are dominated by the classic Champagne varieties Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier, which are used to make both still and sparkling wine. Other varieties grown that can handle the English climate include Seyval Blanc, Solaris and Ortega. In addition, we can’t discuss English wine without mentioning Bacchus, a grape originating from another cool climate, Germany, that is fast becoming synonymous with English wine. Descended from Müller-Thurgau and a Riesling/Sylvaner cross, it thrives in the English climate, producing fresh, crisp and aromatic wines, and has been dubbed “England’s answer to Sauvignon Blanc”.
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